2). Probable:

• Permanent territory presumed through various territorial behavioural patterns, song or aggression;
• Courtship and display;
• The pair observed visiting a possible nesting site;
• Agitated behaviour or anxiety calls by the adult birds;
• Actual nest building or excavation of a nest hole.

3). Confirmed:

• Distraction display;
• Used nest or eggshells present; Recently fledged young;
• Adults seen entering or leaving nest site;
• Adults carrying food for the young;
• Nest with eggs;
• Nest where young birds are seen or heard.